4D Electron Microscopy : Imaging In Space And Time.

The modern electron microscope, as a result of recent revolutionary developments and many evolutionary ones, now yields a wealth of quantitative knowledge pertaining to structure, dynamics, and function barely matched by any other single scientific instrument. It is also poised to contribute much ne...

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Bibliographic Details
Format: Electronic eBook
Language:English
Published: World Scientific 2009.
Subjects:
Online Access: Full text (MFA users only)
ISBN:1282759914
9781282759916
9781848163911
1848163916
Local Note:ProQuest Ebook Central
Table of Contents:
  • Cover13;
  • Contents
  • Acknowledgements
  • Preface
  • 1. Historical Perspectives: From Camera Obscura to 4D Imaging
  • References
  • 2. Concepts of Coherence: Optics, Diffraction, and Imaging
  • 2.1 Coherence 8212; A Simplified Prelude
  • 2.2 Optical Coherence and Decoherence
  • 2.3 Coherence in Diffraction
  • 2.3.1 Rayleigh criterion and resolution
  • 2.3.2 Diffraction from atoms and molecules
  • 2.4 Coherence and Diffraction in Crystallography
  • 2.5 Coherence in Imaging
  • 2.5.1 Basic concepts
  • 2.5.2 Coherence of the source, lateral and temporal
  • 2.5.3 Imaging in electron microscopy
  • 2.6 Instrumental Factors Limiting Coherence
  • References
  • 3. From 2D to 3D Structural Imaging: Salient Concepts
  • 3.1 2D and 3D Imaging
  • 3.2 Electron Crystallography: Combining Diffraction and Imaging
  • 3.3 High-Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
  • 3.3.1 Use of STEM for electron tomography of inorganic materials
  • 3.4 Biological and Other Organic Materials
  • 3.4.1 Macromolecular architecture visualized by cryo-electron tomography
  • 3.5 Electron-Energy-Loss Spectroscopy and Imaging by Energy-Filtered TEM
  • 3.5.1 Combined EELS and ET in cellular biology
  • 3.6 Electron Holography
  • References
  • 4. Applications of 2D and 3D Imaging and Related Techniques
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Real-Space Crystallography via HRTEM and HRSTEM
  • 4.2.1 Encapsulated nanocrystalline structures
  • 4.2.2 Nanocrystalline catalyst particles of platinum
  • 4.2.3 Microporous catalysts and molecular sieves
  • 4.2.4 Other zeolite structures
  • 4.2.5 Structures of complex catalytic oxides solved by HRSTEM
  • 4.2.6 The value of electron diffraction in solving 3D structures
  • 4.3 Electron Tomography
  • 4.4 Electron Holography
  • 4.5 Electron Crystallography
  • 4.5.1 Other complex inorganic structures
  • 4.5.2 Complex biological structures
  • 4.6 Electron-Energy-Loss Spectroscopy and Imaging
  • 4.7 Atomic Resolution in an Environmental TEM
  • 4.7.1 Atomic-scale electron microscopy at ambient pressure by exploiting the technology of microelectromechanical systems
  • References
  • 5. 4D Electron Imaging in Space and Time: Principles
  • 5.1 Atomic-Scale Resolution in Time
  • 5.1.1 Matter particle8211;wave duality
  • 5.1.2 Analogy with light
  • 5.1.3 Classical atoms: Wave packets
  • 5.1.4 Paradigm case study: Two atoms
  • 5.2 From Stop-Motion Photography to Ultrafast Imaging
  • 5.2.1 High-speed shutters
  • 5.2.2 Stroboscopy
  • 5.2.3 Ultrafast techniques
  • 5.2.4 Ultrafast lasers
  • 5.3 Single-Electron Imaging
  • 5.3.1 Coherence of ultrafast packets
  • 5.3.2 The double-slit experiment revisited
  • 5.3.3 Ultrafast versus fast imaging
  • 5.3.4 The velocity mismatch and attosecond regime
  • 5.4 4D Microscopy: Brightness, Coherence and Degeneracy
  • 5.4.1 Coherence volume and degeneracy
  • 5.4.2 Brightness and degeneracy
  • 5.4.3 Coherence and Contrast
  • 5.4.4 Contrast, dose, and resolution
  • Further Reading
  • References
  • 6. 4D Ultrafast Electron Imaging: Developments and Applications
  • 6.1 Developments at Caltech 8212; A Brief History
  • 6.2 Instruments and Techniques
  • 6.3 Structure, Morphology, and Mechanics
  • 6.3.1 Selected-area image (diffraction) dynamics
  • 6.3.2 Dynamical morphology: Time-dependent warping
  • 6.3.3 Proof of principle: Gold dynamics
  • 6.3.4 Prototypical case: Graphite in 4D space.